Reports
The AI Wave: An Early Appraisal of the Labor Market Consequences
Artificial intelligence is beginning to reorganize production, task allocation, and hiring across a wide range of industries. The central question is whether AI primarily augments human capabilities or replaces them – and what that distinction implies for labor demand, labor supply, and the…
AI Economic Performance Job Mix Knowledge Economy Nation Productivity and Prosperity
Causes of Arizona's Low Incomes
Ascertains the reasons why incomes in Arizona are low, and have declined over time, relative to the nation and other states. Three broad factors contribute to the below-average incomes in Arizona in recent years: per capita dividends, interest, and rent; workforce participation among those of…
Arizona Economic Base Educational Attainment Income & Earnings Job Mix Migration Productivity and Prosperity Substates
High-Wage Jobs
Examines high-wage jobs throughout the United States with a focus on Arizona. Arizona’s subpar job quality is not due to a scarcity of high-wage jobs, but instead results from lesser job quality in the remainder of the employment distribution.
Arizona Job Mix Nation Productivity and Prosperity States
Related reports and links
Related Articles and Reports
States Enable, Regions Thrive, Brookings Institution, June 2026
Tracking R&D Leadership, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, February 9, 2026
How Reducing Federal R&D Reduces GDP Growth, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, September 15, 2025
The Bayh-Dole’ Act’s Role in Stimulating University-Led Regional Economic Growth, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, June 16, 2025
The State Hamilton Index: Most States Underperform in Advanced Industries, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, May 5, 2025
The Legatum Prosperity Index and The American Dream Prosperity Index, Legatum Institute
Education Pays, College Board
Why do Wages Grow Faster for Educated Workers?, National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2023
Short Circuited: Electrical Engineering Degrees in the United States, Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, April 2023
Estimated State-Level Employment Impact of Enhancing Federal R&D Tax Incentives, Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, February 2023
Wake Up, America: China Is Overtaking the United States in Innovation Capacity, Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, January 2023
State Technology and Science Index 2022, Milken Institute, November 2022
How the IT Sector Powers the US Economy, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, September 2022
The North American Subnational Innovation Competitiveness Index, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, June 2022
Accelerating Infrastructure Investment Across the Country, Milken Institute, January 2021
Five Free-Market Myths About Increasing Federal Research Funding, The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, January 2021
U.S. University R&D Funding Falls Further Behind OECD Peers, The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, April 2021
More than an Ivory Tower: The Impact of Research Institutions on the Quantity and Quality of Entrepreneurship, National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2021
College Attainment, Income Inequality, and Economic Security: A Simulation Exercise, W.E. Upjohn Institute, January 2020
Tapping Into Talent: Coupling Education and Innovation Policies for Economic Growth, National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2020
The 2020 State New Economy Index, The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, October 2020
Understanding the U.S. National Innovation System, Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, November 2020
United States Needs to Expand Domestic STEM Doctorates, The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, December 2020
Research Note: Combining Early Education and K-12 Investments Has Powerful Positive Effects, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, February 2019
It’s Time for States to Invest in Infrastructure, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, March 2019
National Innovation Policies: What Countries Do Best and How They Can Improve, The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, June 2019
Federal Support for R&D Continues Its Ignominious Slide, The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, August 2019
Talent-Driven Economic Development: A New Vision and Agenda for Regional and State Economies, Brookings Institute, October 2019
U.S. Funding for University Research Continues to Slide, The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, December 2019
Industry Funding of University Research: Which States Lead?, The Information and Technology Foundation, January 2018
Growing the Future: State Efforts to Advance the Life Sciences, The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, February 2018
Why U.S. Business R&D Is Not as Strong as It Appears, The Information and Technology Foundation, June 2018
Recognizing Infrastructure’s Role as a Local Economic Anchor, Brookings Institution, August 2018
Landing Amazon HQ2 Isn’t the Right Way for a City to Create Jobs. Here’s What Works Instead, Brookings Institution, August 2018
Building a Knowledge Economy — How Academic R&D Supports High-Tech Employment, Milken Institute, August 2018
Evaluating the Return on Investment in Higher Education, Urban Institute, September 2018
Five Things You Thought You Knew About Big Business vs. Small Business… But Didn’t, The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, September 2018
Time for Washington to Think Like a State, Forbes, January 2017
Investing in “Innovation Infrastructure” to Restore U.S. Growth, The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, January 2017
False Alarmism: Technological Disruption and the U.S. Labor Market, 1850–2015, The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, May 2017
The Knowledge Economy, Economicshelp.org, June 2017
The Best States for Data Innovation, The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, July 2017
The Competitive Edge: A Policymaker’s Guide to Developing a National Strategy, The Information and Technology Foundation, December 2017
Restoring Investment in America’s Economy, The Information and Technology Foundation, June 2016
Transportation and Arizona, 106th Arizona Town Hall, April 2015
What Makes a Good Job? Job Quality and Job Satisfaction, IZA World of Labor, December 2015
Driving Innovation and Productivity, The Information and Technology Foundation, April 2014
Drivers of Job Creation, Center for American Progress, June 2014
Debunking the Myth of a STEM Surplus, The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, July 2014
Putting Productivity First, The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, July 2014
From Preschool to Prosperity: The Economic Payoff to Early Childhood Education, W.E. Upjohn Institute, September 2014
A Matter of Degrees: The Effect of Educational Attainment on Regional Economic Prosperity, Milken Institute, February 2013
Making Jobs Good, Center for Economic and Policy Research, April 2013
Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity: Clearing Up the Confusion, The Information and Technology Foundation, August 2013
Higher Education Pays: But a Lot More for Some Graduates Than for Others, College Measures, American Institutes for Research, September 2013
Troubling Trends in Arizona’s College Attainment Rate, University of Arizona, Economic and Business Research Center, September 2013
Strong Start. Early Education in Arizona, 103rd Arizona Town Hall, November 2013
Arizona’s Technology Workforce: Issues, Opportunities and Competitive Pressures, Arizona State University, L. William Seidman Research Institute, September 2011
Building Arizona’s Future: Jobs, Innovation & Competitiveness, 96th Arizona Town Hall, April 2010
To Learn and Earn: Arizona’s Unfinished Business in Human Capital, Morrison Institute for Public Policy and Arizona Minority Education Policy Analysis Center, March 2009
High-Technology Activities in Arizona: 2007 Update, Arizona State University, Center for Competitiveness and Prosperity Research, prepared for the Arizona Department of Commerce, January 2008
A Future of Good Jobs? America’s Challenge in the Global Economy, W. E. Upjohn Institute, 2008
America’s Perfect Storm: Three Forces Changing Our Nation’s Future, ETS (Educational Testing Service), January 2007
A Strategic Assessment of the Economic Benefits of Investments in Research in Arizona, Arizona State University, L. William Seidman Research Institute and University of Arizona, Economic and Business Research Center, prepared for Science Foundation Arizona, June 2007
Opportunities at Work: Improving Job Quality, Center for Law and Social Policy, September 2007
Rising Above The Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine, 2006
Workers’ Education, Spillovers and Productivity: Evidence from Plant-Level Production Functions, University of California, Berkeley, January 2004
Estimating the Social Return to Higher Education: Evidence from Longitudinal and Repeated Cross-Sectional Data, Journal of Econometrics, 2004
New Hires Quality Index, W. E. Upjohn Institute
Panel Database on Incentives and Taxes, W.E. Upjohn Institute
Related Links
Alliance for Excellent Education
Arizona Office of Economic Opportunity, Arizona Labor Statistics
Business-Higher Education Forum
Center for the Future of Arizona
Greater Phoenix Economic Council
Harvard Business School Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness
National Competitiveness Council (Ireland)
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Task Force on American Innovation
The U.S. Private Sector Job Quality Index
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
Related Articles and Reports
Tracking the Fallout From State Tax Cuts, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities
Tax Handbook, Arizona Joint Legislative Budget Committee
50-State Property Tax Comparison Study, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy and Minnesota Center for Fiscal Excellence
Comparison of Individual Income Tax Burdens by State, Minnesota Center for Fiscal Excellence
Total State and Local Business Taxes, Council on State Taxation
State Higher Education Finance (SHEF) Report, State Higher Education Executive Officers Association
State Effort and Capacity to Fund Higher Education, State Higher Education Executive Officers Association
The Teacher Pay Penalty Reached a Record High in 2024, September 2025
U.S. Investment in Public Education is at Risk, Economic Policy Institute, August 2025
An Introduction to Arizona’s School Finance System, Arizona State University, Morrison Institute for Public Policy, May 2025
2024 State Business Tax Climate Index, Tax Foundation, October 2023
Public Education Funding in the U.S. Needs an Overhaul, Economic Policy Institute, July 2022
State and Local Tax Burdens, Calendar Year 2022, Tax Foundation, April 2022
Tax Rates and Tax Burdens in the District of Columbia 2021 — A Nationwide Comparison, Government of the District of Columbia
Impact of State Higher Education Finance on Attainment, Urban Institute, July 2021
Public Investment in Higher Education: Research, Strategies, and Policy Implications, State Higher Education Executive Officers Association, May 2021
Investigating the Impacts of State Higher Education Appropriations and Financial Aid, State Higher Education Executive Officers Association, May 2021
State Higher Education Funding Cuts Have Pushed Costs to Students, Worsened Inequality, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, October 2019
Unkept Promises: State Cuts to Higher Education Threaten Access and Equity, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, October 2018
K-12 Funding Cuts Contributing to Inadequate Teacher Pay, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, September 2018
Funding PreK-12 Education, 110th Arizona Town Hall, November 2017
Financing Arizona’s Future, 109th Arizona Town Hall, September 2016
Funding Down, Tuition Up , Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, August 2016
Assessing Fiscal Capacities of States, Urban Institute, March 2016
Arizona’s Eroding Sales Tax Base, University of Arizona, Economic and Business Research Center, June 2014
Arizona’s Education Financing/Elementary and Secondary Education: 2002-2011, Arizona State University, Morrison Institute for Public Policy, December 2013
Arizona’s General Fund Operating Expenditure Trends, 1979-2013, University of Arizona, Economic and Business Research Center, November 2013
Arizona General Fund Tax Revenues: An Historical Perspective, University of Arizona, Economic and Business Research Center, November 2013
Structurally Unbalanced: Cyclical and Structural Deficits in Arizona, Arizona State University, Morrison Institute for Public Policy, January 2011
Improving the Fiscal System of Arizona State Government, Arizona State University, L. William Seidman Research Institute, prepared for the Arizona School Boards Association, May 2010
Riding the Fiscal Roller Coaster: Government Revenue in Arizona, 95th Arizona Town Hall, November 2009
Related Links
Arizona Joint Legislative Budget Committee
Arizona Governor's Office of Strategic Planning & Budgeting
Arizona Tax Research Association
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities
National Association of State Budget Officers
National Conference of State Legislatures
U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Government Finance
Related Articles and Reports
The Relationship Between Immigration and Regional Economic Performance Over the Past Decade, Brookings Institution, March 2026
Arizona’s Baby Bust: Birth Rates Decline 22% in a Decade, University of Arizona, Economic and Business Research Center, December 2019
Arizona’s Demographic Changes, Center for American Progress, February 2012
The Latino Population in Arizona — Growth, Characteristics, and Outlook — With a Focus on Latino Education, Arizona State University, Center for Competitiveness and Prosperity Research, September 2011
Lessons From the 2007 Legal Arizona Workers Act, Public Policy Institute of California, March 2011
Related Links
Arizona Office of Economic Opportunity, Arizona Population
Maricopa Association of Governments
Pew Research Center, Hispanics/Latinos
Pima Association of Governments
U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey
U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, population estimates
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Immigration Statistics
University of Arizona, Economic and Business Research Center
Related Articles and Reports
Is Higher Education Ready for Arizona’s Future?, 102nd Arizona Town Hall, April 2013