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Productivity and Prosperity

The Value of a College Education and the Burden of Student Loan Repayment

Estimates the average financial return on investment of a bachelor's degree for men and women, examines the variation in the rate of return by field of study, and investigates the burden of student debt. The net present value of a degree is substantial, more so for men than for women, but varies…

Income & Earnings Nation Productivity and Prosperity Value of Education
Productivity and Prosperity

The Relationship Between Government Finance, Educational Attainment, and Economic Performance

Compares states and the nation over time. States with higher levels of overall state and local government revenues and expenditures, measured per person, and higher levels of education funding, measured per student, generally have greater educational attainment among the adult population, and…

Arizona Economic Performance Educational Attainment Productivity and Prosperity Tax Burden
Arizona Demographics Default

An Examination of Immigration Policy Issues in the United States

Examines several topics related to immigration, such as restrictions on legal immigration, deportations, border security, and the relationship between unauthorized immigration and crime. Despite the recent leveling-off of the number of unauthorized immigrants living in the United States, the…

Immigration Nation Demographics
Public Finance

Modernization of Arizona's Sales Tax

Considers options for modernizing Arizona's sales and use taxes, primarily with the goal of ensuring that sales tax revenues keep pace with economic growth. Sales and use tax collections as a share of personal income have declined significantly in Arizona and in other states for decades—a major…

Arizona Tax Structure Public Finance
Productivity and Prosperity

Trade, Wage Inequality, and Regional Dislocation in the United States, With Reference to the North American Free Trade Agreement and Trade With Mexico

Discusses the evolution of international trade, addressing both the benefits of trade and local employment and wage dislocations that sometimes result from trade. NAFTA is specifically examined. Income and wage inequality also are discussed, with the effects from trade compared to the effects…

Income & Earnings International Trade Nation Productivity and Prosperity
Public Finance

Options for Raising State Government Revenue in Arizona

Examines a number of possible sources of additional state government revenue. Public revenue and spending in Arizona in recent years has been substantially below both the national average and the state’s historical norm.

Arizona General Fund Tax Burden Tax Structure Public Finance
Public Finance

The Financing of Public Education in Arizona: Update

Addresses the funding of public higher education and elementary and secondary education in Arizona, relative to the nation and other states. Relative to higher education, per student state and local government funding for public elementary and secondary education in Arizona has been further…

Arizona Higher Education Finance K-12 Finance Public Finance
Productivity and Prosperity

Occupational Requirements

Examines occupational data, focusing on the typical requirements to obtain an entry-level position in each occupation and making comparisons of Arizona and its subregions to broader geographies. The distribution of employment in 2015 across the 51 categories of requirements was not much…

Arizona Educational Attainment Nation Productivity and Prosperity States STEM/High Tech Substates
Productivity and Prosperity

Job Quality in the Metropolitan Areas of the United States

Examines the industrial job mix, the occupational job mix, and job quality in 2015 and the change between 2001 and 2015 for all metropolitan areas. A strong positive relationship is present between metro area size and job quality.

Economic Base Job Quality Productivity and Prosperity States Substates

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